Answer to Question #2321 Submitted to "Ask the Experts"

Q

On your website you discuss the use of potassium iodide in nuclear explosions, nuclear accidents, or "dirty bombs." I have been asked if individuals should use large doses of calcium to protect against strontium-90 inclusion into bone, and whether there are any other supplements/over-the-counter products which might be helpful in nuclear events.

A

Radioactive iodine is unique in that it can exist as a gas. Therefore, it can be taken into the body by breathing, by absorption through the skin, or as a component of our food and water. Potassium iodide (KI) has been determined to be a safe and effective way of minimizing radiation dose to the thyroid gland from radioactive iodine taken into the body. To provide the best protection, KI must be taken before or shortly after the radioactive iodine enters the body.

Strontium-90 is a particulate. It would only enter the body through contaminated food or drink. Therefore, it is relatively simple to prevent exposure to strontium-90—don’t eat or drink anything contaminated with it. Strontium-90 contamination on the outside of the body can be prevented by evacuation from an area that might be subject to fallout or by sheltering. Therefore, being in a home, office building, or even one’s car can protect you from strontium-90 fallout. Turning off the air intakes provides an added measure of protection. Since it is easy to protect oneself from strontium-90, by avoiding contact with it or anything contaminated with it, additional measures are not normally warranted. If there were a situation that provided a threat from strontium-90, the best action would be to tune to the emergency broadcast stations and follow the guidance given by our emergency responders.

Kenneth L. Miller, CHP, CMHP
Penn State Hershey Medical Center
Hershey, PA